A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Target Population

The exact group of people at whom the intervention is aimed or targeted.

Task-Oriented Behavior

One of three behaviors exhibited by individuals in a group. Task-oriented behaviors contribute to the accomplishment of the task component, e.g., initiating, seeking, giving, elaborating, summarizing, coordinating and testing. See also Maintenance behavior and Self-oriented behavior.

Teaching Point

An individual skill or knowledge item included in training.

Technology-Based Training (TBT)

Encompasses both computer-based training (CBT) and Web-based training (WBT). TBT uses a stand-alone computer system and CD-ROM or a system hooked up to the intranet or Internet to access training. Training can range from self-directed, to facilitated individual or group instruction, depending upon the need and technical capabilities. E-learning and online learning are more commonly used now.

Teleclass

A conference line is used to deliver audio-only training to a group of learners. Done well, it is dynamic, interactive, and engaging. It can be a cost-effective method for organizations to offer training.

Templates

A pre-formatted form that simplifies the entry of data and speeds up development time, e.g., templates for lesson plans, storyboards, various question types.

Test

An evaluative device or procedure in which a sample of the test-takers skill and knowledge in a specified domain is obtained and scored using a standardized process. Types of tests include:

• Diagnostic
• Entry
• Equivalency
• Post
• Prerequisite

Test Blueprint or Test Specifications

Defines in detail the structure for the test forms: content areas, cognitive levels, format of items and responses, number or proportion of questions by content area, etc.

Test Description

Includes purpose of the test, intended test audience and other background information.

Test Fairness

The principle that every test-taker should be assessed in an equitable way. Fair tests should be free of bias based on characteristics such as race, religion, gender or age.

Test Fidelity

The degree to which the test resembles the actual required performance.

Test for Understanding (TFU)

Questions asked during Presentation to ensure learners understand before they move to the planned Application.

Test-Retest Reliability

Estimate of the extent to which a test can provide consistent, stable test scores for the same group of test-takers across time.

Test Security

The procedures designed to prevent cheating. Access to the content must be carefully restricted during the development, scoring and analysis of the test. A secure test is not for publication in any form, in any venue.

Theory Question

A question that asks about the content itself. For example:

• The definition or illustration of…
• The reason behind…
• The relationship between…
• The differences/similarities between…

Tools and References

One of FKA’s performance parameters. A device or implement used during performance of an ability or component.

Touch Screen

A special monitor that lets the user make choices by touching icons or graphical buttons on the screen. It works by sensing the position of the finger using infra-red sensors located in the screen surround.

Training Aid

A device or information source used during training that guides or assists the learning process. It is not a job aid.

Training Intervention

See Learning Intervention.

Training Needs

Identify what people will need to learn and transfer to the job to enable them to meet the performance needs of the organization.

Robinson, D.G., and Robinson, J.C. Performance Consulting Moving Beyond Training. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler, Publishers, 1995.

Training Needs Analysis

An investigation to define, plan and cost-justify the best training solution for a given situation.

Training Objective

In FKA’s Instructional Systems Design Methodology, the training objective describes the intended outcome of a formal training module. A training objective is based on a performance objective and, in fact, can be identical to it, if that performance can be achieved in formal training.

Training Outline

The second design document produced in the Design phase of FKA’s Instructional Systems Design Methodology. It communicates structure and outcomes. It contains the module and lesson outlines, grouped and sequenced in the order they will be taught. A training outline may include estimates of the formal training time.

Training Plan

The final document produced in the Design phase of FKA’s Instructional Systems Design Methodology. It expands on the Training Outline to include ordered learning interactions, instructional methods and media, planned times, and introductions and conclusions for lessons, modules and the course.

Training Scope

In FKA’s Instructional Systems Design Methodology, the training scope is the content to be included in the formal training. It is a subset of the Model of Performance with some abilities excluded for training at this time.

Training Transfer

The degree to which learners retain the knowledge and apply the skills achieved during formal training to the workplace. Transfer of training is affected by: the learners’ motivation to apply the skill and knowledge, the effectiveness of the training + transfer activities, and degree of support in the workplace.

Transfer Activities

Any planned activity following formal training that reinforces the skills and knowledge acquired during that formal training.

Transfer Strategy

A set of activities developed to ensure all skills and knowledge learned during formal training are transferred back to the job. It should include: a plan to reduce or eliminate barriers to the transfer; the roles and responsibilities of the learners, the learners’ managers and the training organization.

True-False Item

See Binary Choice Item.

Tutorial

(1) Instruction given to learners individually or in small groups.

(2) A computer-based, interactive method of learning. The computer presents new concepts and skills through interactive text, illustrations, descriptions, questions and problems. Information is sequenced to build on previously learned concepts, and often provides feedback and guidance.

(3) A program that provides instruction on the use of a computer system or software.

Tutoring

One type of coaching activity. In the workplace environment, tutoring is the process of teaching the coachee how to perform specific tasks. When done by a peer it is called peer-tutoring.